LRPS-2024-9193575: Strengthening sanitation market system to improve household’s safely managed sanitation practices through Sanitation Marketing Approach at Low Income Communities in Khulna City Corp
Terms of Reference (ToR) for Institutional Contract
(Above USD 10,000)
Title
Strengthening sanitation market system to improve household’s safely managed sanitation practices through Sanitation Marketing Approach at Low Income Communities in Khulna City Corporation at Bastuhara and Rupshar Char.
Purpose
Implementation of community engagement initiative helps to trigger at least 6,444 population living in 1,432 households as primary target group of Bastuhara and Rupshar Char slum under KCC to transform their sanitation practices and WASH infrastructures.
The holdings are categorized into low-income communities. There are around 11,614 population living in two slums. This assignment is primarily focused households used unimproved sanitation facilities include: (i) Hanging latrine (10.4%), (ii) Pit latrine with slab with no Lid or water seal (3%), and (iii) Latrines emit bad smell and with visible feces over latrine slab and/or floor (38%). The area is high densely populated, limited space available and inadequate income, so approach, method, technique, and intervention should be demonstrated in an efficient use of all the factors. One tested approach like “SanMarkS” approach can be promoted under this assignment to bring sustainable changes through community engagement.
Secondary target is the whole population living in both the slums through introducing faecal sludge management, schedule desludging and water ATM Booth interventions to improve their WASH situation, health, and environment.
Location
Khulna City Corporation Area: Bastuhara and Rupshar Char Low Income Communities under Ward No. 9 and 22 respectively.
Estimated Duration
12 months from November 2024 to November 2025
Reporting to Technical Supervisor of this assignment
WASH Specialist, WASH Section
UNICEF Bangladesh Country Office
1. Background
Khulna is the third largest city in the southwest of Bangladesh, surrounded by a lot of industries. For its geographical, political, archaeological, and financial reasons, its importance is huge. Khulna City witnesses a substantial influx of climate-induced migrants originating from both Khulna Division and beyond. Over the past decade, the city's population has surged by more than 20 percent, driven by various factors, including natural population growth and migration from neighboring districts susceptible to climate-related challenges. Due to the limited access to safe water and sanitation services, along with challenges in practicing key hygienic behavior, the prevalent diseases in slum communities encompass a range of health and hygiene conditions. The most common health issues include diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, skin diseases, asthma, hypertension, malnutrition, common cold, fever, jaundice, respiratory ailments, reproductive disorders, recurrent miscarriages, early or delayed onset of menstruation, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), among others.
The current sanitation situation of Bastuhara and Rupshar Char slums (Source: Climate SMART WASH Response -Baseline Report) is given below:
KCC is already experiencing the adverse impact of climate change. Cyclones, tidal surges, floods, riverbank erosion and saline intrusion has become more erratic and consequently, monsoons have become irregular with untimely and/or intense rainfall over a short period of time causing waterlogging in urban areas thereby causing damage to sanitation infrastructures. Onsite containment facilities e.g., septic tanks, pit latrines are all subject to inundation due to natural calamities. This not only damages the infrastructures but also pollutes the storm runoff and adjoining environment and water bodies through mixing with sewage overflows and thus brings in serious health hazards for the city dwellers including school going children. Regarding safe drinking water, slum people also face some challenges including microbial contamination with water source in 17% households and water at points of use in 40% households due to use unimproved water source, lacks in year-round solution, drainage system and TW platform in bad condition. Root causes include their unhygienic practices and lacks in water safety plan.
Considering the importance of community engagement to improve sanitation practices and WASH infrastructures specially transforming from unimproved to improve latrines in both the Slums, the potential third party (Agency/Farm/CSO) will implement proven SanMarkS approach, innovative method, technique, and interventions which helps to trigger community for sustainable WASH changes exclusively sanitation practices and infrastructures.
2. Objectives, Purpose and Expected Results
Objective: By 2026, 100% population of Bastuhara and Rupshar Char slum under KCC will use and practice improve sanitation facility through implementing “community engagement” initiative for sustainable WASH changes.
Purpose:
Implementation of community engagement initiative helps to trigger at least 6,444 population living in 1,432 households as primary target group of Bastuhara and Rupshar Char slum under KCC to transform their sanitation practices and WASH infrastructures.
The holdings are categorized into low-income communities. There are around 11,614 population living in two slums. This assignment is primarily focused households used unimproved sanitation facilities include: (i) Hanging latrine (10.4%), (ii) Pit latrine with slab with no Lid or water seal (3%), and (iii) Latrines emit bad smell and with visible feces over latrine slab and/or floor (38%). The area is high densely populated, limited space available and inadequate income, so approach, method, technique, and intervention should be demonstrated in an efficient use of all the factors. One tested approach like “SanMarkS” approach can be promoted under this assignment to bring sustainable changes through community engagement.
Secondary target is the whole population living in both the slums through introducing faecal sludge management, schedule desludging and water ATM Booth interventions to improve their WASH situation, health, and environment.
Expected Results:
- 100% population of Bastuhara and Rupshar Char slum under KCC used and practiced improve sanitation and water facility through sustainable community engagement initiative.
3. Description of Assignment
Basthara slum has population around 6,789 living in 1,628 households and Rupshar Char slum has population 4,825 living in 1,157hhs (Ref. Baseline report). Around 50% population of these slums are using unimproved/unhygienic latrines of which 290 households (10.4%) use hanging latrine, 84 households (3%) use Pit latrine with no Lid or water seal and 1,059 household’s (38%) latrines emit bad smell and with visible feces over latrine slab and/or floor. As a result, raw fecal sludge, and wastewater move through pipe or storm drain to nearest slum surrounding waterbodies. Also, unhealthy environment is prevailing which cause different types of sanitation related illness most susceptible to school going children. There is a tested and proven approach called SanMarks approach (latrine producer’s led business model including installation, operation, and maintenance) that can be promoted to improve the sanitation situation.
In addition, 47.4% latrine is connected to a drain or water body or an open field and microbial contamination with water source in 17% households and water at points of use in 40% households due to use unimproved water source, lack of awareness and no water safety plan. So, community will be triggered or mobilized to access and use Fecal Sludge Management, schedule desludging their containments and practice water ATM Booth for drinking water.
In this regard, strengthening community engagement will be an effective and important initiative to improve the sustainable sanitation practices and WASH infrastructures.
SL
Deliverables
Timeframe
1
Complete Project inception: It includes (i) Staff on board and orientation, (ii) implementation plan, (iii) project launching/meeting and (iv) project delivery method/approaches.
Within 2 weeks after contract sign
2
Complete identification of households with unimproved Sanitation: Report including primary target households with hanging latrine, latrine without lid and water seal and latrine with bad smell and visible fecal matters etc.
Within 6 weeks after contract sign
3
Complete Youth Group Formation & orientation: On sanitation, FSM including schedule desludging, water ATM for drinking water supply to improve their knowledge and understanding as Change Agent. Average 5 people per group per slum (Preferred girls’ student).
Within 6 weeks after contract sign
4
Complete Day Observance: Observe world toilet day for both the slums.
Within 6 weeks after contract sign
5
Complete Latrine Producer's Training: Train 10 Latrine Producers both basic and refresher on SanMarkS approach, different sanitation options and building linkages with service recipients/targeted slum dwellers.
Within 10 weeks after contract sign
6
Complete Group formation, orientation, and CAP development: Form 50 groups, their orientation, and Community Action plan (CAP) development emphasizing primary target households with unimproved latrines.
Within 14 weeks after contract sign
7
Complete CDC orientation: On sanitation, SanMarkS approach, wastewater management, Schedule desludging, water ATM Booth, learning/exposure visit etc.
Within 14 weeks after contract sign
8
Conduct CDC Meeting for site selection: Select Two Sites for wastewater treatment plant and Two Sites for ATM Booth for supplying drinking water installation.
Within 16 weeks after contract sign
9
Complete CAP progress monitoring and Group session: Monitor CAP progress on monthly basis and Group session on sanitation behavior practice change including FSM, schedule desludging, drinking water issues (ATM access and use).
Within 22 weeks after contract sign
10
Submission of project completion report: Project completion report including knowledge product/case studies.
Within 24 weeks after contract sign
3. Deliverables
5. Reporting requirements
- Inception Report: A detail implementation plan, staffing must deploy and submit.
- Sanitation survey report: A detail list of primary target households with unimproved latrines desegregated into hanging, without lid and water seal and latrine with bad smell and visible faecal matters.
- Combined CAP and Group Formation and orientation Report: Submit combined CAP including the group focal person’s details and orientation report.
- Latrine Producer’s training and CDC orientation Report: Submit training report including a detail list of Latrine Producers.
- Counselling session guideline: Submit counselling session guideline including monitoring procedure and monthly target to convert unimproved latrine to improve latrine and improve sanitation situation.
- Day observance and CDC meeting for site selection: Submit report on day observation and CDC meeting notes/regulations for site selection of which two for wastewater treatment and reuse and two for water ATM Booth installation.
- CAP progress monitoring report including group session and completion report: Submit CAP progress monitoring report segregated into type, percentage, who and how sanitation changes happened and project completion report.
6. Payment Schedule
- Milestone 1: Inception Report and sanitation survey report (5% Payment)
Deliverables:
- Prepare workplan, staff on board and orientation, office establishment.
- Complete sanitation survey report.
- Milestone 2: Group formation and orientation, CAP development, Latrine Producer’s training and CDC orientation Report (40% Payment)
Deliverables:
- Complete Community group and Youth group formation and orientation.
- Complete CAP development.
- Complete Latrine Producer’s training and CDC orientation.
- Milestone 3: Counselling session guideline, Day observance and CDC meeting for site selection (30% Payment)
Deliverables:
- Complete counseling session guideline.
- Complete day observance.
- Complete CDC meeting for wastewater treatment plant and ATM Booth installations.
- Milestone 4: CAP progress monitoring report including group session and project completion report (25% Payment)
Deliverable:
- Complete CAP progress monitoring report including group session.
- Complete project completion report with knowledge product/case studies.
7. Qualification requirement of the company/institution/organization
- Relevant Experience: The organization must have a minimum of two years of working experience in urban WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) sectors. Moreover, experience in managing sanitation in areas with poor coverage is necessary. Prior work or existing works in Bangladesh, specifically in Khulna City including proposed slums, or in similar contexts, would be an added advantage for this proposal.
- Expertise: The organization must demonstrate technical knowledge and expertise in community engagement, community mobilization, capacity building, training manual and guideline preparation, sanitation site selection, sanitation market linkage built up, collaboration, knowledge management etc.
- Operational Strength: The organization should have the institutional strength to implement the proposed intervention within the projected period. This includes sufficient and qualified personnel, logistical capacity, and financial stability.
- Stakeholder Coordination: The organization should demonstrate ability to effectively coordinate between different stakeholders including local communities, government agencies especially city corporations, and other involved entities.
- Sustainability: The organization should exhibit a strong commitment to continue community engagement initiatives for sustainable improved sanitation practices and infrastructure. The sustainability plan for this assignment would be added value for this assignment.